Overview
Scientific Name: Betta splendens
Common Names: Betta, Siamese Fighting Fish
Origin: Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam
Habitat: Slow-moving rice paddies, floodplains, and shallow ponds
The Betta Fish is one of the most popular and recognizable freshwater aquarium species in the world. Known for their striking colors and flowing fins, Bettas are often chosen by beginners but are best suited for those who understand their specific care needs and territorial nature.
Appearance and Size
Bettas are small fish, typically growing to about 2.5 to 3 inches in length. Males display vibrant colors and long, ornate fins, while females are generally smaller, less colorful, and have shorter fins. Selective breeding has resulted in a wide variety of color morphs and tail types such as veil tail, crown tail, halfmoon, and double tail.
Temperament and Behavior
Bettas are famously territorial, especially the males. Keeping two males in the same tank almost always results in aggression and often death. Female Bettas can coexist in carefully planned sorority tanks, though this setup requires experience.
They are intelligent and responsive, often recognizing their caretakers and reacting to movement outside the tank. Bettas can also be trained to perform simple tricks like jumping or swimming through hoops.
Ideal Tank Setup
- Minimum Tank Size: 5 gallons (10+ gallons recommended for advanced setups)
- Substrate: Sand or fine gravel
- Plants & Décor: Live plants (Anubias, Java Fern, Floating plants), hiding spots, caves, driftwood
- Filtration: Low flow filter (sponge filter ideal)
- Lighting: Moderate, natural day/night cycle
Betta tanks should have a secure lid, as they are excellent jumpers. Avoid sharp décor that could tear their delicate fins.
Water Parameters
- Temperature: 76–82°F (24–28°C)
- pH: 6.5–7.5
- Hardness: Soft to moderately hard water (3–12 dGH)
- Ammonia/Nitrites: 0 ppm
- Nitrates: < 20 ppm
They thrive in stable, warm conditions. Temperature swings or poor water quality are a common cause of illness in Bettas.
Diet and Feeding
Bettas are carnivores and require a protein-rich diet. A high-quality pellet formulated for Bettas should be the staple, supplemented with:
- Frozen bloodworms
- Brine shrimp
- Daphnia
- Occasional live food
Feed small portions 1–2 times daily, and avoid overfeeding as it can lead to bloating and constipation.
Breeding Information
Bettas breed via bubble nesting. The male builds a nest of bubbles at the water’s surface and courts the female through a dramatic display. Once the female releases her eggs, the male collects them and guards the nest.
Breeding Setup:
- 10-gallon tank
- Sponge filter
- Live plants
- Indian almond leaves to encourage nesting
Post-spawning, the female should be removed immediately to prevent aggression. The male cares for the eggs and fry until they are free-swimming.
Health and Disease
Common Issues:
- Fin rot
- Ich (white spot disease)
- Swim bladder disorder
- Velvet
Preventative Care:
- Maintain clean, stable water conditions
- Avoid overfeeding
- Quarantine new fish and plants
- Keep temperature consistent
Tankmates & Compatibility
Male Bettas should be housed alone or with peaceful, non-nippy species that won’t provoke aggression or damage their fins. Avoid other brightly colored or long-finned fish.
Good Tankmates:
- Ember tetras
- Kuhli loaches
- Corydoras
- Snails (Nerite, Mystery)
- Shrimp (with caution)
Avoid:
- Guppies
- Barbs
- Other Bettas
- Gouramis
Fun Facts
- Bettas breathe air using a labyrinth organ and can survive in low-oxygen environments.
- Wild Bettas are typically dull brown/green and far less colorful than aquarium strains.
- They are capable of jumping several inches out of the tank—keep a lid on!
FAQs
Are Bettas good for beginners?
Yes, but only if the keeper is willing to meet their specific care needs.
How long do Betta Fish live?
With proper care, 3–5 years. Some have lived up to 7 years in optimal conditions.
Can I keep my Betta in a bowl?
No. Bowls are too small, lack filtration, and quickly lead to poor water quality.
Do Bettas get lonely?
No, they are solitary by nature. Most males prefer to be alone.
How can I tell if my Betta is happy?
Active swimming, bubble nesting, eating well, and vivid colors are signs of a healthy, content Betta.
