Introduction: Build It Right, Maintain It Well

Whether you’re starting a new aquarium or trying to keep an existing one in top shape, tank setup and maintenance are everything. This guide lays out the essential steps to get your aquarium started and keep it running smoothly over time.

Tank Setup: Laying the Foundation

Choose the Right Size and Location

• Larger tanks are more stable and easier to maintain.
• Avoid direct sunlight, heaters, vents, and high-traffic areas.
• Use a proper stand that can support the tank’s full weight.

Add Substrate and Hardscape

• Rinse gravel, sand, or aquasoil before adding.
• Create slope and structure with rocks, driftwood, and plants.
• Place equipment (filter, heater, air stone) before filling.

Fill and Treat Water

• Fill slowly with dechlorinated tap water.
• Add water conditioner to remove chlorine and chloramine.
• Let the tank run 24–48 hours before adding any fish.

Start the Nitrogen Cycle

• Add bottled bacteria or use fishless cycling.
• Test ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels until stable.
• Never add fish until ammonia and nitrite are at 0.

Weekly Maintenance Routine

Water Changes

• Remove and replace 20–30% of tank water weekly.
• Use a gravel vacuum to remove debris from substrate.
• Always treat new tap water before adding it.

Filter Cleaning

• Rinse mechanical media in tank water (not tap water).
• Replace carbon or chemical media monthly if used.
• Don’t clean all filter media at once—preserve beneficial bacteria.

Glass & Equipment Cleaning

• Use algae scrapers or magnets on glass weekly.
• Wipe down outside glass, lid, and light fixtures.
• Clean heaters, intake tubes, and powerheads as needed.

Plant and Decoration Maintenance

• Trim dead or overgrown plant leaves.
• Remove uneaten food and visible detritus.
• Check hardscape for buildup or algae growth.

Tips for Long-Term Success

• Keep a log of test results, water changes, and issues.
• Don’t overfeed—excess food = waste and algae.
• Quarantine new fish to avoid introducing diseases.
• Observe fish daily for signs of stress or illness.

Final Thoughts

Aquarium care is part art, part science. The more consistent your maintenance, the more vibrant your aquatic life becomes. Setting up properly and building weekly habits protects your fish, saves time, and leads to a tank you can be proud of.

Maintenance isn’t a chore—it’s how your tank thrives.